Thursday, November 25, 2010

以农立业:油棕施肥和修叶要做好

2010/11/24 6:17:38 PM
●朱乾海博士 橡胶研究专家

哈芝节假期这一天,我在彭亨州的吉拉央会见农友,他们向我提出二个问题:油棕施肥和修叶。

油棕施肥很重要,市面上有很多好肥料供采购,但施肥管理更加重要。品质好的肥料加上施肥得当,如果环境条件“风调雨顺”,树冠形态及色泽健康美丽,鲜果串丰硕。

尽 管购肥料特别计较,园丘所做的施肥检查显示,施肥发生的偏差相当普遍。我国某大园丘公司的研究报告指出,每年为公司园丘做上千次检查,发现:⑴施肥拙劣平 均12%;⑵延迟施肥达三个月占12%;⑶漏施占5%;⑷施肥不均占3%;⑸监督不周占2%。这些缺点加起来是34%。

简言之,施肥这环节大有改善的空间,鲜果串产量有可能提升。

百分比的计算是这样:例如一年期间所进行的施肥检查1358次,施肥标准拙劣出现的次数为97,那么其百分比乃7.1%。

施肥标准指的是狭带状施放,不然就是施放的地方出错,正确的方法是将肥料均匀的散播以减少渗失及流失。

误期施肥现象糟糕

树龄7年以上的油棕,肥料应施放在残地堆上,因为残叶下潮湿阴暗,能吸取养分的幼根密布,肥料很快被吸收。树龄7年以下的树则应该将肥料圈式施放在树冠范围内,这有助减少肥料被雨水冲击流失。

施肥误期达三个月的后果是一年里的施肥程序没有完成,油棕没有得到应得的养分,导致来年的果产受到影响。农友解释说因工人不足,误期施肥的现象愈来愈糟糕。

肥料漏施的现象居然在检查队伍到访时发生,漏施的植株多在离路较远的“里面树”。我们常听施肥三分一现象所指,即二路边几行树得到肥料,中间部分的树因离路远而被忽略。

有效的施肥很大程度依赖园丘管理层勤奋严格的监督。另一方面也要协调及安排肥料的配发及施肥劳工人数充足。

至于农友提出的第二问题:修叶延误也是因为缺少工人导致。

树冠低层的叶片因接受不到阳光等同失去功能,消耗的肥料有限。修叶的主要目的是要树冠整洁,提高成熟鲜果串的能见度,方便采果。早日将老叶割下护土及增添土壤有机物质早在农友的期盼中。



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